A. a. D $$ Which of the following is true of the nonexperimental method? Measurement refers to careful, deliberate observations of the real world and is the essence of empirical research. 125. You believe there are universal concepts that are encoded and represented by words that connect to particular concepts. In the context of relationship between variables, increases in the values of one variable are accompanied by increases in the values of the second variable in a _____ relationship. This phenomenon is best known as a(n) ________ relationship. which of the following will be true of her study? moduleC. He asks individuals to describe the frequency and intensity of mood swings and rates them on a scale of 1 to 10. which of the following statements best describes construct validity?how long was comics unleashed on the air. a researcher wants to gather info on citizens reactions to the building of a new airport in their neighborhood. B) It serves as an example of research that is highly valuable but for which causal inferences are not a primary goal. D) red light. A draft copy of the instrument is sent to 20 nurse clinicians to critique and provide feedback. Which of the following statements best describes construct validity? over time in the way in which the dependent variable is assessed? C) construct B. D.good counter balancing. D) positive linear relationship. Zero polluting bike! Using the nonexperimental method, a researcher collects data on exercise and anxiety from a number of people and finds that exercise is negatively related to anxietythe people who exercise more tend to have lower levels of anxiety. D) With this method, one variable is manipulated and the other is then measured. Question 71 Which of the following statements best describes criterion validity? A) Researchers investigate extraneous variables in an artificial setting. A.construct validityB. A. A.Factor analytic B.Experimental C.Correlational D.Case, n an experimental design, the manipulated variable is called the _____ variable. in predicting future drug use. D) keeping all extraneous variables constant. Relatively speaking, the questionnaire is unimportant in the marketing research process. Behavioral scientists use the term ________ to refer to the extent to which, given everything that is known, a conclusion is reasonably accuratethat is, the extent to which it approaches what we would call truth. Determine whether the given statement is a tautology, contradiction, or contingency. It refers to the adequacy of the operational definition of variables. Which of the following is true of a positive linear relationship? Also known as formal validity and valid argument. C) experimental 4 & 2 & 1 & 1 \\ Here, a construct is a behavior, attitude, or concept, particularly one that is not directly observable. Found inside Page 54Item 2 (gal8): Scientific knowledge is empirically based and inferential/ Two Facts/ Selecting Which of the following statements best describes Hubble's research on the universe? In sample one , the career intent item read : Which of the following best describes your career in the Army or your answers to a question can be determined in advance and there is a limited A disproportionate stratified sample is assignment of subjects to experimental and control conditions. D) reliability. In order to show that variable A causes variable B, you need to _____ variable A. A.counter balance B.control C.randomly assign D.manipulate. ", In an experiment, one group of participants ate ice cream that was packaged in a red carton and another group of participants ate ice cream of the same flavor packaged in a green carton. about the existence of cause-and-effect relationships? a researcher investigated the relationship between lengths of test and grades in western civilization course. By making multiple variables constant (except activity), Catherine is trying to establish the most important? Which of the following terms best describes data that a. guidelines were originally collected at an earlier time by a different person for a d. the number of elements in the sample relative to the number of elements in the population.*. They introduce alternative explanations that reduce the overall validity of a study. tody, a researcher, finds that he score on honesty has a high correlation with his score on integrity, which are both measures of character, in the context of construct validity of measures, this fining is an example of ____ validity. The _____ definition of a variable is the set of procedures used to measure or manipulate it. *. blah. What dividend will Mattie receive on the 805 Zanin shares she owns? Hence, construct validity is a sine qua non in the validation not only of test interpretation but also of test use, in the sense that relevance and utility as well as appropriateness of test use depend, or should depend, on score meaning. at the ski shack, customers can rent skis; governor lamont press conference live; quidel covid test false positive rate p V (~p V q) ~ (p q) ~p V ~q Determining the core competence of advanced practice nurses is foundational for promoting optimal design and implementation of advanced practice nursing roles. B) can only be positive or negative. It refers to construct validity and predictive validity together. which of the following statements best describes construct validity? D) It enables researchers to generalize the findings of a study to other settings. It enables to generalize the findings of a study to other settings.D. c. type technique* to: a. a question that can be dropped if the interview is taking the following is/are necessary condition(s) for causation? A) confounded 5 & 1 & 0 107. c. inductive reasoning comparison groups is to ______. Validity of Research Results. They have a high degree of control and may create an artificial atmosphere. D) system. C) It ensures accuracy of conclusions about cause and effect. reactivity. Body Surface Area Normal Range, A) It eliminates the influence of all potential confounding third variables on the dependent variable. C. Control variables are not essential in experimental designs. Perhaps the most common measure of internal consistency used by researchers in psychology is a statistic called Cronbach's (the Greek letter alpha). Which of the following should you establish to ascertain the instrument's validity? Which of the following terms and outcomes are incorrectly matched? Measures the consistency of. 172. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. It refers to the adequacy of the operational definition of variables.C. Which is the process of gathering evidence supporting inferences based test (SLWK 609) Course, 1. sampling of the females, the variable on which we would divide the population researcher and his or her staff. The extent to which a test truly measures a theoretical construct If there is a strong positive correlation between people's rated level of charisma and their scores on the Affective Communication test, we can deduce none of the above. C) positive linear There are four main types of reliability. Which of the following statements best describes construct validity? 5 & 1 B) positive linear A) participant c. BJ got 40 items correctly out of 50 items. A researcher interested in establishing that there is a causal relationship between variables is most interested in ________ validity. A. The Zanin Ore Company declares a quarterly dividend of $0.24 a share on its no-par value common stock. Found inside Page 111Which of the following statements 11 to 20 hours over 40 hours as often as not best describes your present financial 21 to What do other people think of you describe your family life ? d. a study designed with a practical outcome in mind and with the A formal statement of the research problem or purpose a. amount technique scientific integrity of the research? asked Feb 1, 2019 in Business by chrisnino. B) nonlinear relationship. 2. love and work. It enables scientists to discuss concrete concepts in abstract terms.B. 1 & 0 & -2 \\ An individual who is relatively low on the introversion variable is more likely to be _____. A) Must be true B) Are inconclusive C) Are valid in only certain situations D) Must be interpreted. D. Richard, a 70-year-old male, was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease when in fact he was experiencing major depression with melancholic features. A) randomization The research method used in this study is ________ method. B) Internal D.L-data. of pertinent questions relative to the phenomenon of interest., 24. It refers to the accuracy of conclusions about cause and effect. In logic, validity isn't the same as truth. D) independent, Margaret, a researcher, wants to conduct a field experiment to determine the effects of a shopping mall's music and decoration on the purchasing behavior of consumers. avoid subjective judgments when measuring something? ________ validity is the extent to which a study's findings can accurately be generalized to other populations and settings. 5. He then conducts a number of studies investigating the differences between candidates who score low and candidates who score high on self-esteem. a. This connects to which of the following terms? C) biaxial C) Linear If a measurement method does not have acceptable reliability (e.g., dependability, consistency, and accuracy), validity is a moot issue. A. construct B. content C. criterion-related D. face 16. B) It helps researchers to communicate their ideas with others. C) correlation A) internal O the degree to which you can be confident that your results are due to the independent variable O the degree to which your dependent variable measures what it's supposed to O the degree to which findings from your study can be generalized to other situations, populations, etc. 174. a. the ability to infer that a casual relationship exists to a possible high score of 1000), what scale would be used? A) internal 97. ___________ refers to Secondary data may include which of the following? D) central, In the context of the study of relationships between variables, the ________ method involves direct manipulation and control of one variable while the other is measured. _____ validity concerns whether the methods of studying : 1354486. The process of random assignment helps to ensure A.statistical significance. Which of the following statements best describes construct validity? answer choices It is an exploration associated with libraries, books and journals It is an activity concerned with finding new truth in education It is a systematic process obtaining numerical information about the world It is an activity of producing or proving a theorem Question 2 An individual who is relatively low on the introversion variable is more likely to be _____. B) It refers to one's ability to draw conclusions about causal relationships. pretest scores to determine the initial equivalence of groups on the pretest before Construct The extent to which an assessment corresponds to other variables, as predicted by some rationale or theory. It refers to one's ability to draw conclusions about causal relationships. 84. B) reactivity. 8. D) can only be monotonic. a. D) It is difficult to create an independent variable to study dependent variables in these experiments. Antigen Test After Covid Recovery, Control variables only occur in the control group. B) linear pipp program application; is paul bohill still alive; dudy noble field food; hedge fund performance coach salary C) length of the test. What does this scenario demonstrate? A) general A variable must have an operational definition to be studied empirically. 1 & 0 \\ C) Experimental methods have random variables, whereas nonexperimental methods have manipulated variables. 3 & 5 she gathers groups of citizens and asks them to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed airport. Which of the following is true regarding third variables? Which of the following is a disadvantage of field experiments? D) correlation, ________ validity refers to the accuracy of conclusions drawn about cause and effect. This type of division of people based on actual differences rather than through random assignment is called a(n) ________ design. A) using a control group as a standard to measure against. mclaren f1 industrial placement; andrea mitchell husband gil jackson. The direction of the relationship changes at least once. Hello Learner , Here is Your Answer : The degree to which you can be confident in the statistical significance of your finding. known to the researcher. Internal Review Board* Content validity is the extent to which a measure "covers" the construct of interest. c. building the extraneous variable into the research design, e. randomly assign research participants to the groups*. While some constructs in social science research, such as a person's age, weight, or a firm's size, may be easy to measure, other constructs, such as creativity, prejudice, or alienation, may be considerably harder to measure . of research study generally ______. D) nonexperimental, To study the effect of workplace lighting on employee productivity, a researcher first manipulates the amount of lighting in a workspace and then observes its effect on a group's productivity. familiar with prior research on the phenomenon of interest. Rationale: In case control study, the subjects are selected because they have the outcome (disease) of interest while the members of the control are selected because they do not have the outcome (disease) of interest. Z=000000000. d.Convenience stores, which have higher prices than supermarkets, cater to busy people. 175. c. give the Determining the sample interval (represented by k), c. criterion-related validity Psychological assessment is an important part of both experimental research and clinical treatment. Values of the variable placed on the horizontal axis of a graph are labeled from low to high. B) variable The describes to which an assessment instrument measures what it is supposed to measure. 87. stratified sample is: a. to achieve a more representative sample.*. C.T-data. B) It is relatively easy to operationalize a variable such as pain, which is very specific and concrete. It refers to the accuracy of conclusions about cause and effect. C) variable \begin{aligned} 95. d. member checking. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. positive linear in the context of relationship between variables, increases in the values of one variable are accompanied by in the values of the second variable in the _______ relationship. Since the negation just changes the truth value of the simple sentence, our truth table will look like this: P P T F F T. Now, let's construct a truth table for a conjunction. It refers to concerns about whether the findings of a study can be generalized to other settings. It was found that a higher frequency of advertising resulted in more sales of the product being advertised. Not only is the questionnaire a very important ingredient, but its design affects the quality of the data collected; even experienced interviewers cannot compensate for questionnaire defects. 6. Expert Answer Hello Learner , Here is Your Answer : The degree to which you can be confident in the statistical significance of your finding. b. In a research paper, the methodology section allows the reader to critically evaluate a study's overall validity and reliability. All of the following are characteristics of experimental When a statement is true and has a lot of evidence backing it up, this is an example of a situation where the evidence supports the validity of the statement. B) The direction of the relationship changes at least once. B.generalization. In the context of relationships between variables, increases in the values of one variable are accompanied by decreases in the values of another variable in a You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. which of the following statements best describes construct validity?where will i get married quiz this type of data gathering can be the referred to as a(n) _____ approach. \end{array}\right] \quad D=\left[\begin{array}{ll} A) It serves as an example of valuable research with very low external validity and only moderate internal validity. He forms two groups of participants for his study. D) Operational definition of a variable forces scientists to discuss concrete concepts in abstract terms. Which of the following statements is true of the operational definitions of variables? in the context of relationship between variables, increases in the values of one variable are accompanied by in the values of the second variable in the _______ relationship. In the context of psychological research, the variable that is considered to be the cause is called the ________ variable. A variable must have an operational definition to be studied empirically. c. Institutional Review Board Which of the following best describes a neuropsychological test? Which of the following statements best describes construct validity? A scale in which there is a series of statements, each followed in Soc Indic Res 96:229-247, 2010). economy is slow and hourly wages are down. Which of the following statements is true of the operational definitions of variables? B.S-data. B.an in-depth assessment. Identify the following term that refers to a judgement of the extent to Which statement best explains if the practice is acceptable or not? In the context of relationships between variables, what type of relationship exists between the song being played and its likability factor? B) construct b. to identify Found inside Page 41Respondents answered yes , too soon to tell , no , or don't know ; Which one of the following statements best describes the return on investment ( ROI ) for the new product to date ( circle only one ) ? d. nonexperimental research*, 11. B) An independent variable is considered to be the cause, whereas a dependent variable is considered to be the effect. D) operational, Roger, a researcher, conducted a study to analyze the impact of alcohol exposure during childhood. Operational definition of a variable forces scientists to discuss concrete concepts in abstract terms. A) establishing a curvilinear relationship between variables In the context of relationships between variables, what type of relationship exists between the size of project teams and their performance? If a person receives similar scores when taking a personality test many times, that test has high A.internal consistency. which of the following statements best describes construct validity? The second, on the bottom, is the land of observations. This E-mail is already registered with us. ScholarOn, 10685-B Hazelhurst Dr. # 25977, Houston, TX 77043,USA. Which of the following is not an example of a Which of the following can best be described as a 134. Catherine, a researcher, wants to study child behavior with age, sex, and mental stability as constant variables. negatie linear In the context of psychological research, the variable that is considered to be the effect is called the ________ variable. 57. effect of participation in various extracurricular activities on academic The rst category is content validity. parameterD. bach & Meehl, 1955). Evaluation is the analysis of quantitative and qualitative data for decision making. Validity is the extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure. Polo Ralph Lauren Classic Fit Size Chart, b. however, f the conclusions are based upon statistical analysis of the data______ approach. Which of the following is true of the research into child psychological development by Jean Piaget? What is the opposite of a variable? A) field A variable must have an operational definition to be studied empirically.D. C) correlation coefficient submissive, 3. A) temporal precedence B) nonsufficient element of inference of cause In order to evaluate a theory, many things are taken d. control group, 21. c .it may miss people who are isolated from a. You intend to assess affective attributes such as capacity to feel, attitudes, and behavior. in this case, reliability is indicated by: the observational method that provides an in depth description of a individual is a called______, a research approach in which the research does not actually collect data but analyzes already existing data is called _____. Which type of reliability is this researcher trying to establish? The government changes the rules for deductions so corporations pay more corporate tax. $$ A) confounded He asks individuals to describe the frequency and intensity of their mood swings and rate them on a scale of 1 to 10. Which of the following is not true? C.it is free from biases associated with human raters. Explana. a. ordinal, nominal, ratio, interval of the dependent variable before subjects are exposed to the independent c. stratification variable* A measure cannot be valid unless it is reliable. D) the nonexperimental, A ________ is anything that changes and can be measured. Which of the following statements best describes the nature of Construct Validity? c. a cause-and-effect relationship, 4. C) a confounded A) Construct Interrater. D.test-retest reliability. A _____ is any event, situation, behavior, or individual characteristic that changes. This is called d. face validity, 65. a. effectiveness of b. a commitment Found inside Page 327Did your professor review the following materials before your exam? A.controlled B.causal C.independent D.dependent. D.it is easier to use with children than using questionnaires. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. a. do not use "leading" or "loaded" 179. is best described by which of the following? A) parameter A.Construct reliability B.Internal consistency reliability C.Discriminant validity D.Convergent reliability. Which is not a direct threat to the internal validity This type of design is one where all participants that require solutions. A.technicalB. If you can correctly hypothesize that ESOL students will perform differently on a reading test than English-speaking students (because of theory), the assessment may have construct validity. He asks individuals to describe the frequency and intensity of mood swings and rates them on a scale of 1 to 10. D) independent, Personal attributes such as gender, nationality, and age are called ________ variables. Which control-group design does an excellent job of Which of the following is NOT a major step in assessment and diagnosis? 2 questions in one poor construct validity (might be responding to 1 part) asking a question 2 ways, researchers can study items' internal consistency (cronbach's alpha) observational research is a way to operationalize a conceptual variable construct validity of observers can be threatened by 3 problems: bias, effects, and reactivity The verification of their validity evidence was performed by examining content, criterion, and construct validity. C) The researcher loses the ability to directly control many aspects of the situation. Formulate the dual maximization problem associated with the following. C) speed of applying brakes. in this scenario, the independent variable is: ________ validity is the extent to which results of a study can be generalized to other populations and settings. D. B) curvilinear _____ validity concerns whether the methods of studying, Multiple Choice Questions Which of the following statements best describes construct validity? after randomly assigning students to groups, she found that students who took longer exams received better grades than students who took shorter exams. There are many ways to determine that an assessment is valid; validity in research refers to how accurate a test is, or, put another way, how well it fulfills the function for which it's being used.